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Organic Chemistry : - ( Introduction ) - 1. Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Hydrocarbon Functional groups ) - 2. The four distinct hydrocarbon functional groups are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes. Aromatic compounds derive their names from the fact that many of these compounds in the early days of discovery were grouped because they were oils with fragrant odors. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Organic Elements for organic molecules ) - 3. There are six major elements that are found in every organic molecule on Earth. These are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Without these six elements, no organic molecule would exist in the world. Since all organic molecules have one or more of these elements present, it can be said that these six elements represent an essential part of every single organic molecule on t |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Alkanes ) - 4. Alkanes are a series of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. These are known as saturated hydrocarbons. This group of compounds consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. Also comprises a homologous series having a molecular formula of CnH2n+2. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Alkanes and Alkane isomers ) - 5. • The phenomenon in which two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas is called isomerism. • Alkanes are saturated open-chain hydrocarbons having C-C single bonds. • The general formula for alkanes can be given as follows: CnH2n+2 where, n refers to the number of Carbon (C) atoms. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Alkyl group ) - 6. Alkyl group is formed by removing a hydrogen atom from the molecule of alkane. Alkanes are quite often represented as R-H and here R stands for alkyl group. The general formula of the alkyl group is CnH2n+1. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( IUPAC-Nomenclature of Alkanes ) - 7. A systematic way of naming hydrocarbons and other organic compounds has been implemented by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These rules are used worldwide and are known as the IUPAC System of Nomenclature. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Naming of Alkanes; Solving problems ) - 8. A systematic way of naming hydrocarbons and other organic compounds has been implemented by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These rules are used worldwide and are known as the IUPAC System of Nomenclature. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Properties of alkanes ) - 9. Alkanes are colourless and odourless. They possess weak Van Der Waals forces of attraction. Alkanes having 1-4 carbon atoms are gases, then from 5-17 carbon atoms they are liquid and alkanes having 18 or more carbon atoms are solid at 298K. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Petroleum; a black gold ) - 10. Petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur on Earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called crude oil. But, as a technical term, petroleum also includes natural gas and the viscous or solid form known as bitumen, which is found in tar sands. |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( Cycloalkanes; Introduction ) - 11. Cycloalkanes are cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning that the carbons of the molecule are arranged in the form of a ring. Cycloalkanes are also saturated, meaning that all of the carbons atoms that make up the ring are single bonded to other atoms (no double or triple bonds). ameenacademy |
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Organic Chemistry : - ( IUPAC naming of Cycloalkanes ) - 12. Cycloalkanes are cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning that the carbons of the molecule are arranged in the form of a ring. Cycloalkanes are also saturated, meaning that all of the carbons atoms that make up the ring are single bonded to other atoms (no double or triple bonds). |
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